Exfoliation is used to separate layered materials to form two-dimensional sheets that can be incorporated into composites with enhanced properties, for example, the exfoliation of clays to make fire retardants. A key challenge is to find an efficient exfoliation method that is compatible with the subsequent processing steps used for making composites. Coleman et al. (p. 568) describes a technique to exfoliate a broad range of transition metal dichalcogenides, which are of interest because of their conductivity and mechanical properties.
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